Vititec Newsletter May 2012

ENTAV – INRA ® Clones

After several years of negotiations with ENTAV (National Technical Establishment for Improvement of Viticulture) Vititec has managed to become the sole importer for the ENTAV – INRA ®  plant material to South Africa.  ENTAV is in charge of the management and coordinationation of the national clonal selection programme in France.  Evaluation of more than 3 000 clones are executed on a 80 ha site in the south of France.

The clones in the following table were released from quarantine in January 2008 and are being multiplied in a Foundation block. Small numbers of these clones are already planted by producers.

Cultivar	Clone	Fertility	Cluster Weight	Production	Wine	General
Chenin blanc	880	Average	Average	Average	Fragrant, soft and full	Improved Botrytis resistance
Cinsaut noir	92	Average	Average	Below aver.		Reduced vigor
Grenache	513	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Typical of cultivar
Marsanne	574	Average	Average	Average	Typical of cultivar
Mourvedre	450	Average	Average	Average	Typical, good balance	Reduced vigor
Rousssanne	468	Average	Average	Average	Typical of cultivar
Sauvignon blanc	905	Average	Average	Average
Sauvignon blanc	376	Average	Below aver.	Average	Good balance, typical
Semillon	173	Average	Average	Average
Shiraz	877	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Typical of cultivar
Shiraz	525	Above aver..	Average	Average	Good balance, structure	Smaller berries
Tempranillo	776	Average	Average	Average
Viognier	1042	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Best wine quality

ENTAV – INRA ®  2008 import

The clones listed below were imported in 2008 and released from quarantine in 2009.

Some of these clones will be planted in 2012 by producers.

Cultivar	Clone	Fertility	Cluster Weight	Production	Sugar	Wine	General
Cabernet Sauvignon	412	Below aver.	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above aver.	Good balance  and structure	Ripens earlier
Chardonnay	1066	Below aver.	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above aver.	Aromatic, good structure	Lower production, good Wine
Colombar	553	Above aver..	Average	Above aver.	Above aver.	Good quality, typical
Malbec	598	Average	Average	Average	Above aver.	Typical of cultivar
Crouchen blanc	1019			Average	Above aver.	Typical of cultivar
Grenache	1064	Below aver.	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above aver.	Good balance	Good tannin structure
Macabeu	1025	Average	Average	Average	Average	Typical of cultivar
Merlot	343	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above aver.	Good aging potential
Vermentino	856	Above aver..	Average	Average	Average	Typical of cultivar

The above clones have “new” cultivars such as Macabeu, Vermentino, Roussanne and Marsanne of which information are attached.

  

ENTAV – INRA ®  2009 import

The clones in the following table were received in 2009 and released from quarantine in 2010. A summary of the clone properties are listed in the table below:

Cultivar	Clone	Fertility	Cluster Weight	Production	Sugar	Wine	General
Carignan	274	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Counoise	508	Average	Average	Average	Average
Petit Verdot	1058	Below aver.	Average	Below aver.	Average	Wine balanced, full good colour	Good wine quality
Petit Manseng	573	Bo-Average	Average	Above aver..	Average	Wine Typical of cultivar
Pinot noir	943	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above aver.	Wine has good colour and concentration
Piquepoul blanc	463	Average	Average	Average	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Terret noir	1084	Average	Below aver.	Below aver.	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Ugni blanc	480	Average	Average	Average	Average

ENTAV – INRA ®  2010 import

The clones listed below were received from ENTAV in 2010. A summary of the clone properties are listed in the table below:

Cultivar	Clone	Fertility	Cluster Weight	Production	Sugar	Wine	General
Cabernet Franc	394	Below aver.	Average	Below aver.	Average	Wine with good colour and structure
Grenache	516	Average	Average	Average	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Lledoner pelut	1055	Average	Average	Average	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Mourvedre	1069	Below aver.	Below aver.	Below aver.	Above Aver.	Aromatic, good tannin structure
Pinot gris	943	Average	Below aver.	Average	Average	Good,balanced wine
Sauvignon gris	917	Average	Below aver.	Average	Above Aver.	Wine aromatic and full
Sémillon	910	Average	Below aver.	Average	Above Aver.	Wine typical of cultivar
Syrah	471	Average	Average	Average	Above Aver.	Good balance and tannin structure
Syrah	747	Average	Average	Above aver.	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Riesling	49	Average	Average	Above aver.	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Marselan	980	Average	Average.	Below aver.	Average	Wine with good colour and structure

ENTAV – INRA ®  2011 import

The clones listed below were received from ENTAV in 2011. A summary of the clone properties are listed in the table below:

Cultivar	Clone	Fertility	Cluster Weight	Production	Sugar	Wine	General
Chenin blanc	1018	Average	Average	Average	Above aver.	Good quality	Better Botrytis resistance
Grenache gris	148	Average	Average	Average	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Grenache N	1065	Below aver.	Below aver.	Average	Above aver.	Good balance and tannin structure	Smaller bunches
Lledoner pelut	1055	Average	Average	Average	Average	Wine typical of cultivar
Marsanne	1036	Below aver.	Average	Average	Above aver.	Wine aromatic and full

Pinotage

Synonyms

None

Origin and cultivation background

Pinotage is a South African red wine grape cross between Pinot noir and Cinsaut noir.

Cultivation characteristics

Moderate vigor with a fairly upright growth habit - grows very successfully as goblet (bush) vines in certain areas; however, trellising on small trellises is beneficial.  The basal buds are very fertile (two to three bunches per allocated bud) and satisfactory yields are produced when spur pruned. 

When Pinotage is cultivated under tough conditions (water stress, high temperatures during ripening), the resulting wine often develops a spray paint character (associated with high levels of isoamyl acetate). This undesirable character can be controlled by carefully adjusting and monitoring the vinification techniques so that a subtle, banana-like fruitiness is added to the wine. Under softer cultivation conditions, a more outspoken Pinot character often develops.

The choice of different terrains contributes to the potential of producing two distinguishable styles of Pinotage wine. Middle to higher eastern slopes on deeper soil with good water-retention properties are best for Pinot-like Pinotage wines. Under these conditions, Ruggeri 140 is recommended as rootstock, especially if irrigation water is limited. 

For the banana-like wine style, western slopes that are not subjected to south-westerly winds should he used, with Richter 110 as rootstock Pinotage ripens fairly early and in some years it is possible to avoid the hard ripening conditions at the end of the season Not excessively susceptible to oidium and downy mildew but less resistant to botrytis rot than Cabernet Sauvignon — no serious problems are experienced because it ripens earlier. Good compatibility with commercial rootstocks.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Yield potential: 10--15 tons per ha

Average sugar concentration:  2 2 —2 5° B

Average acid concentration: 6—8 g/l

Clone characteristics

The available clones are characterised by full, fruity wines with strong tannins.

MORPHOLOGY

Shoot tips

• Felty, white.

Leaves

Medium to reasonably large, elongated, five- lobed, dark green, leathery, crimped, webby  underneath. The petiole sinus is lyre-shaped and narrow. The lateral sinuses are medium to deep, wide and pointed. Teeth (small and sometimes more than one) often occur in the lateral sinuses. The teeth are convex, broad and blunt. The petiole is green with a light

pink sheen.

Bunches

Relatively small to frequently medium-sized, conical to cylindrical, medium to compact.

The peduncle is short

Berries

Small, oval, dark when fully ripe with a moderate bloom, The skin is thick and tough

The pulp is soft and juicy. The texture is  watery, with a light, flavourful taste.

PHENOLOGY

Bud burst

Beginning of September (5 to 1 0 days earlier

than Cabernet Sauvignon).

Flowering

End of October to beginning of November (5 to 21 days earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon).

Ripening

Early, second half of February 4 to 5 weeks . earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon).

US 8-7

Oorsprong

Kruising tussen R99 en Jacquez

Blare

Bladsteelsinus baie wyd oop en boogvormig

Blare drielobbig

Tande konveks en breed

Onderkant  naak met effense borselhare op nerwe

Bokant  glad en dofgroen

Verbouing:

Goed bestand teen filloksera en Phytophtera, redelik bestand teen aalwurms, goed aangepas op nat gronde, goed droogtebestand, matig tot sterk groeiende onderstok

Soil adaptability:

Very versatile; from sandy, wet soils to shallow clays; very similar to Ramsey properties; induce good vigour

Good fruit set

Induce earlier ripening, same as Paulsen 1103

Well adapted to salinity and nematodes

Strong vigour with short vegetative cycle

Good adaptability on mixed soils; even growth

Becoming more and more popular in South Africa

Low production of grafting material

Grapes in natural state

Ramsey

Oorsprong: Geselekteer deur T.V.Munson in Texas. Ramsey is moontlik ‘n natuurlike hybried tussen V. candicans and V. rupestris, en word soms verkeerdelik na verwys as Salt Creek. Die ware Salt Creek is ‘n seleksie van V. doaniana, ‘n naverwante spesie.

Spruitpunt: Half-oop, silwerwit, dikwels met karmosyn rande.

Jong blare: Witterig to blinkgroen; donsig tot naak.

Volwasse blare: Kleinerig tot gemiddelde grootte, sy-sinusse afwesig of swak ontwikkel, borselhare aan die onderkant, effens geplooi, blink en matig dik, tande kort en breed.

Blomme: Funksioneel vroulik.
Somerlote: Opvallend losserige hare kom veral op puntgedeeltes van lote voor.

Verbouing: ‘n Sterk-groeiende onderstok met baie goeie aalwurmbestandheid, baie goed droogtebestand weens ‘n diep wortelstelsel, goed bestand teen brak en kalk gronde, baie geskik vir gronde met lae vrugbaarheid en growwe tekstuur, nie geskik vir nat gronde, geskik vir warm tot baie warm areas waar hoë produksie vereis word vir die produksie van kommersiële wyne, ook geskik vir areas met hoë aalwurm populasies of wat vatbaar is vir droogte of brak, vertraag rypwording, het hoër kaluim opname en swakker kleur by rooi variëteite op hoë potensiaal gronde in alle areas.

143 B Mgt

Origin: Cross between V. vinifera cv Ararnon and V. riparia by Professor Millardet and the Marquis de Grasset in 1882. Imported to South Africa in 1930.

Growing tip: Half open; slightly downy; pale green.

Young leaves: Light green, lower surface glabrous.

Leaf: Fairly large, surface smooth to slightly wavy; three lobed; petiolar sinus lyre shaped; lower surface glabrous, pubescent on veins, no sign of red, thin, paper like.

Flowers: Morphological hermaphrodite, physiological male; long, thin clusters with small black berries; small pips.

Shoot: Light to yellowish green, slightly ribbed, glabrous.

Cane: Smooth and glabrous, big buds; light brown to light gray in color.
Aptitudes: Budding very early, poorly adapted to high lime content soils, phylloxera resistance not sufficient, not allowed in Germany, well adapted to heavy wet soils with poor internal draining, poor affinity with some scion cultivars, nematode resistance not sufficient, propagate and graft easy, field grafting usually under average, very good drought resistance, good resistance against Phytophthora cinnamomi; reasonably resistant tot saline soils.

Richter 110

Oorsprong :Kruising tussen V berlandieri var Rességuier nr 2 en V rupestris var Martin. In 1889 deur Franz Richter in Frankryk gemaak.

Spruitpunt:Webbig behaard; groenerig met persrooi getinte rande.

Volwasse blare: Klein, niervormig; dik en leeragtig; fyn gebobbeld; bladsteelsinus oop U-vormig; onderste blaaroppervlakte heeltemal naak; klein, reëlmatige konvekse tande; bladstele donker persrooi en naak.

Blomme: Funksioneel manlik; altyd steriel en dus word nooit druiwe gedra nie.

Somerlote: Sterk geriffeld; apikale gedeeltes donker persrooi gekleurd; naak.

Winterlote: Geriffeld; naak; dowwe sjokolade tot gryserig bruin gekleurd; lang internodiums; klein, redelik breed, gespitste ogies.

Verbouing: 'n Matig tot sterk groeiende onderstok wat veral in die suide van Frankryk verbou word waar dit meer gewild as 99R is. Ook in Spanje en ltalië gewild; baie goed bestand teen filloksera; matig tot swak bestand teen aalwurm; goed bestand teen kalk; matig bestand teen brak; baie goed droogtebestand; vatbaar vir Phytophthora wortelverrotting; matig bestand teen nat; goeie entbaarheid met lug- en bankenting; goeie affiniteit met V vinifera; plantlote wortel maklik; baie goad aangepas op ‘n wye reeks grondtipes wat wissel van sw:aar klei tot sanderige leem.

99 RICHTER

Oorsprong: Kruising tussen V berlandieri var Las Sorres en V rupestris var du Lot. Deur F Richter in Frankryk gedurende 1889 gemaak.

Spruitpunt: Webbig behaard; vaalgroenerig tot persrooi; half geslote; driehoekig.

Jong blare: Persrooi-kopergroen, webbig tot donsig.

Volwasse blare: Klein, niervormig; groen tot liggroen; bladsteelsinus besonder wydoop liervormig — herinner aan Rupestris du Lot; dunnerig tot matig dik; glad tot effens gebobbeld; tande konveks en wyd; nerwe by bladsteelaanhegting persrooi; bladstele donker persrooi met kort, los, wollerige hare.

Blomme: Morfologies hermafrodiet, fisiologies manlik; enkele klein, swart korrels in hoogs uitsonderlike gevalle op baie sterk-groeiende stokke gedra.

Somerlote: Sterk geriffeld; naak; persgekleurde nodiums by die basis.

Winterlote: Geriffeld; baie lig donserig by die nodiums; gryserig bruin met longitudinale donkerbruin strepe; lang internodiums met nie-prominente nodiums.

Verbouing: ‘n Sterk-groelende onderstok wat met sukses in warmer wynboulande soos Portugal. Griekeland en Suid-Frankryk verbou word. Goed bestand teen kalk (17 % aktiewe kalk); matig bestand teen brak; baie goed bestand teen filloksera; matig tot goed bestand teen aalwurms; swak bestand teen nat; baie vatbaar vir Phytophthora wortelverrotting: redehik goed droogtebestand; baie goeie entbaarheid met bank- sowel as lugenting; uitstaande affiniteit met V vinifera; plantlote wortel baie maklik; goed aangepas op diep, goedgedreineerde gronde wat goed met vog voorsien is.