Italy has 377 varieties commercially to make wine.
- Timorasso 20 ha currently – Piemonte white variety very aromatic, not easy to grow but many producers replanting this. The new star.
- Mammolo 147 ha – Tuscany – grown in Corsica too. Much fruit, soft tannins
- Nieddera 60 ha – Sardinia – has structure and nice body and has been rescued by Contini
- Teroldego 839 ha – Trentino – lots of colour and fruit, very alpine. Fresh with bitterness. Grows pergola or gobelet. See Foradori for good examples.
France
- Douce Noir 2 ha – Savoie. Used to be the most widespread variety in the region. In Argentina they have more than 18 600 ha of this, which they call Bonarda.
- Counoise 443 ha – South of France, and one of the permitted varieties in Chateauneuf – brings spices – soft and aromatic
- Tibouren 445 ha- Provence, mostly rose wines but excellent reds, such as Clos Sibon. Wines with personality, structure and fruity aromas.
Spain
- Graciano 1468 ha – ‘I’d like to see more of this,’ says José. ‘I love these wines in Sardinia.’ Tinta Miuda in Portugal
- Garro 2 ha – part of the Torres rescue program in Catalonia. Very promising.
- Gorgollasa 4 ha Majorca
Portugal
- Alvarelhao 67 ha – from the Minho Rabigato 2452 ha – Douro
- Alfrocheiro 1492 – Dão, Lisboa
- Jampal 106 ha – Lisboa
Greece
- Limniona 10 ha
- Chidiriotiko 60 ha – the pinot of Greece from lesbos
- Kydonista 10 ha
Switzerland has 39 varieties and 15 000 hectares
- Arvine 173 ha
- Rouge du Pays/Cornalin 135 ha
Croatia
- Lasina 10 ha – light red with soft tannins
- Svrdlovina Crna 1 ha just one producer, everyone amazed by this wine at a recent conference
Hungary
- Ezerjo (1665 ha)
- Fekete Jardovany (2 ha)
Georgia Claims to have 525 varieties but José says they aren’t all different
- Kisi – 50 ha
- Shavkapito – 10 ha
Turkey
- Emir 92 ha – light-bodied white Bogazkere
Austria
- Sankt Laurent 795 ha – a child of Pinot
- Zierfandlen
Armenia
- Voskeat – white Areni – ‘for me one of the best varieties of the world, Armenia’s Nebbiolo’
